1099 Tax Calculator - Methodology

How the calculator estimates SE tax, federal income tax, and state income tax across all 50 states - and where the current version simplifies.

Sources

  • IRS Schedule SE + Pub 334 - SE tax calculation methodology and the 92.35% net-earnings adjustment.
  • IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-28 - 2026 federal income tax brackets, standard deductions, and QBI thresholds.
  • SSA COLA announcement - 2026 Social Security wage base ($184,500).
  • State revenue department rate tables - flat top-marginal state income tax rates for all 50 states + DC.

Calculation steps

  1. Net SE income = gross 1099 income minus business expenses, mileage deduction, health insurance, and retirement contributions.
  2. Taxable SE earnings = net SE income × 0.9235.
  3. SE tax = Social Security portion + Medicare portion + Additional Medicare tax (see SE Tax Calculator methodology for detail).
  4. AGI adjustment = net SE income − (SE tax × 50%) − QBI deduction + W-2 income.
  5. Taxable income = AGI adjustment − standard deduction.
  6. Federal income tax = progressive bracket calculation using 2026 IRS brackets (Single/MFJ; HoH and MFS use Single brackets in v1).
  7. State income tax = (AGI adjustment) × flat state top-marginal rate.
  8. Total tax = SE tax + federal income tax + state income tax.

2026 key constants

ConstantValue
SS wage base$184,500
SS rate (self-employed)12.4%
Medicare rate2.9%
Additional Medicare0.9% above threshold
Net earnings adjustment92.35%
Standard deduction (single)$16,100
Standard deduction (MFJ)$32,200
QBI deduction rate20%

Limitations

  • State tax uses a flat top-marginal rate - overestimates state tax for moderate incomes in states with progressive brackets.
  • HoH and MFS filers use Single federal brackets (v1 approximation).
  • QBI phase-outs for high incomes and specified service businesses are not modelled.
  • AMT, tax credits, and multi-state income are not supported.

Results are estimates for planning purposes only. Consult a licensed CPA or Enrolled Agent for your actual tax liability.

Last updated May 2026 · See full methodology

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